2020-10-21

1: Flesch D, Gabler M, Lill A, Gomez RC, Steri R, Schneider G, Stark H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Merk D. Fragmentation of GW4064 led to a highly potent partial farnesoid X receptor agonist with improved drug-like properties. Bioorg Med Chem. 2015 Jul 1;23(13):3490-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.035. Epub 2015 Apr 18. PubMed PMID: 25934227.

2: Zhang S, Pan X, Jeong H. GW4064, an agonist of farnesoid X receptor, represses CYP3A4 expression in human hepatocytes by inducing small heterodimer partner expression. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 May;43(5):743-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.062836. Epub 2015 Feb 27. PubMed PMID: 25725071; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4407707.

3: Smalley TL Jr, Boggs S, Caravella JA, Chen L, Creech KL, Deaton DN, Kaldor I, Parks DJ. Novel heterocyclic scaffolds of GW4064 as farnesoid X receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015 Jan 15;25(2):280-4. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.050. Epub 2014 Nov 26. PubMed PMID: 25499883.

4: Xin XM, Zhong MX, Yang GL, Peng Y, Zhang YL, Zhu W. GW4064, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, upregulates adipokine expression in preadipocytes and HepG2 cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov 14;20(42):15727-35. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15727. PubMed PMID: 25400456; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4229537.

5: Yao J, Zhou CS, Ma X, Fu BQ, Tao LS, Chen M, Xu YP. FXR agonist GW4064 alleviates endotoxin-induced hepatic inflammation by repressing macrophage activation. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 21;20(39):14430-41. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14430. PubMed PMID: 25339829; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4202371.

6: Singh N, Yadav M, Singh AK, Kumar H, Dwivedi SK, Mishra JS, Gurjar A, Manhas A, Chandra S, Yadav PN, Jagavelu K, Siddiqi MI, Trivedi AK, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 is a modulator of multiple G protein-coupled receptors. Mol Endocrinol. 2014 May;28(5):659-73. doi: 10.1210/me.2013-1353. Epub 2014 Mar 5. PubMed PMID: 24597548.

7: Ma Y, Huang Y, Yan L, Gao M, Liu D. Synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Pharm Res. 2013 May;30(5):1447-57. doi: 10.1007/s11095-013-0986-7. Epub 2013 Feb 1. PubMed PMID: 23371517; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3664363.

8: Li W, Fu J, Cheng F, Zheng M, Zhang J, Liu G, Tang Y. Unbinding pathways of GW4064 from human farnesoid X receptor as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Inf Model. 2012 Nov 26;52(11):3043-52. doi: 10.1021/ci300459k. Epub 2012 Nov 5. PubMed PMID: 23101941.

9: Hoekstra M, van der Sluis RJ, Li Z, Oosterveer MH, Groen AK, Van Berkel TJ. FXR agonist GW4064 increases plasma glucocorticoid levels in C57BL/6 mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 Oct 15;362(1-2):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.010. Epub 2012 May 27. PubMed PMID: 22643070.

10: Misawa T, Hayashi H, Makishima M, Sugiyama Y, Hashimoto Y. E297G mutated bile salt export pump (BSEP) function enhancers derived from GW4064: structural development study and separation from farnesoid X receptor-agonistic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Jun 15;22(12):3962-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.099. Epub 2012 Apr 30. PubMed PMID: 22583617.

11: Ohno T, Shirakami Y, Shimizu M, Kubota M, Sakai H, Yasuda Y, Kochi T, Tsurumi H, Moriwaki H. Synergistic growth inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by acyclic retinoid and GW4064, a farnesoid X receptor ligand. Cancer Lett. 2012 Oct 28;323(2):215-22. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.015. Epub 2012 May 11. PubMed PMID: 22579649.

12: Chiang PC, Thompson DC, Ghosh S, Heitmeier MR. A formulation-enabled preclinical efficacy assessment of a farnesoid X receptor agonist, GW4064, in hamsters and cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov;100(11):4722-33. doi: 10.1002/jps.22664. Epub 2011 Jun 9. PubMed PMID: 21660973.

13: Dwivedi SK, Singh N, Kumari R, Mishra JS, Tripathi S, Banerjee P, Shah P, Kukshal V, Tyagi AM, Gaikwad AN, Chaturvedi RK, Mishra DP, Trivedi AK, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N, Ramachandran R, Siddiqi MI, Bandyopadhyay A, Arora A, Lundåsen T, Anakk SP, Moore DD, Sanyal S. Bile acid receptor agonist GW4064 regulates PPARγ coactivator-1α expression through estrogen receptor-related receptor α. Mol Endocrinol. 2011 Jun;25(6):922-32. doi: 10.1210/me.2010-0512. Epub 2011 Apr 14. PubMed PMID: 21493670.

14: Howarth DL, Law SH, Law JM, Mondon JA, Kullman SW, Hinton DE. Exposure to the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 causes alterations in gene expression and sublethal hepatotoxicity in eleutheroembryo medaka (Oryzias latipes). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 15;243(1):111-21. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.022. Epub 2009 Dec 3. PubMed PMID: 19963001; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2853180.

15: Bass JY, Caldwell RD, Caravella JA, Chen L, Creech KL, Deaton DN, Madauss KP, Marr HB, McFadyen RB, Miller AB, Parks DJ, Todd D, Williams SP, Wisely GB. Substituted isoxazole analogs of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist GW4064. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jun 1;19(11):2969-73. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.047. Epub 2009 Apr 18. PubMed PMID: 19410460.

16: Feng S, Yang M, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Hong D, Richter H, Benson GM, Bleicher K, Grether U, Martin RE, Plancher JM, Kuhn B, Rudolph MG, Chen L. Identification of an N-oxide pyridine GW4064 analog as a potent FXR agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 May 1;19(9):2595-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.008. Epub 2009 Mar 9. PubMed PMID: 19328688.

17: Martínez-Fernández P, Hierro L, Jara P, Alvarez L. Knockdown of ATP8B1 expression leads to specific downregulation of the bile acid sensor FXR in HepG2 cells: effect of the FXR agonist GW4064. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):G1119-29. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.90371.2008. Epub 2009 Feb 19. PubMed PMID: 19228886.

18: Liu Y, Binz J, Numerick MJ, Dennis S, Luo G, Desai B, MacKenzie KI, Mansfield TA, Kliewer SA, Goodwin B, Jones SA. Hepatoprotection by the farnesoid X receptor agonist GW4064 in rat models of intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis. J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec;112(11):1678-87. Epub 2003 Nov 17. PubMed PMID: 14623915; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC281645.